On this day, more than 188 Japanese aircraft carried out a major air attack on Darwin and Darwin Harbour. A second raid later in the afternoon caused additional destruction to the airfield and nearby infrastructure. This event marked the first of over 50 air raids on northern Australia during the Second World War. It remains the largest foreign attack ever launched on the Australian mainland, and it signalled the beginning of what became known as the Battle of Darwin.
Following the loss of more than 20,000 tons of oil in these initial raids, the Australian Government recognised the urgent need to protect its fuel supplies. Oil was essential for military operations, and without secure storage, Australia’s defensive capabilities were significantly threatened. As a result, plans were made to construct eight underground oil storage tunnels beneath Darwin.


